were the foremost exponents of this theory; The State was seen as evil because it was a way of oppressing the poor; and, actualisation can only be attained in a state. This is distinct from the ancient slave mode of production or the feudal mode of production. What men think about the state is the outcome, As an intellectual perspective and a body of knowledge, Marxism has continuously suffered "critical pulverizations and, attacks" (Yaqub, 2000: 86) from many quarters, and most of these have been due to misunderstanding or outright, enormous; in fact, it can be said that the arrival of Ma, man’s attempts to acquire knowledge for the un, This essay focuses attention on one of the iss, intended to serve as an introductory guide f, theory of the State. All Rights Reserved. Theories of the State. Plagiarism Prevention 4. Lagos: Malthouse Press Ltd. 2 nd edition. It understudies how such cites could evolve in such a manner that its sustainability now not mortgaged future existence. If it can achieve this, in the right conditions and with the necessary organisation and leadership, then it can make a revolution – the very experience of which is the key to the socialist transformation of society. From a certain point of view, with a narrow focus on individuals, this can seem reasonable – both worker and capitalist get paid at the end of the day. It is characterised by primitive communities in which ownership of land is communal. This stage was difficult to find. A revolution from this ‘primitive communist’ way of life took place with the domestication of animals and the beginning of farming about 10,000 years ago. Here he says that the actual basis of society is its economic structure. Marx here spoke of another process of transformation from capitalism to socialism. For Marx, social change displays a regular pattern. Such changes if observed in a large number of instances, according to Marx, show a sufficient degree of regularity to allow the formulation of general statements about their causes and consequences. The proletarian movement is the self-conscious, independent movement of the immense majority, in the interest of the immense majority,”11 at a time when the working class made up only about 2-3% of the world’s population. Marx has tried to suggest that all society passes through unilinear evolution, every society progresses stage by stage and every society has marched ahead. Communism is the ultimate final stage where there is prevalence of equality among all. Oyediran, Oyeleye (1998). Agricultural innovations would take place. Its evolution involves absorbing sections of the middle class on the one hand and the urban and rural poor on the other. Workers are those who have none of the necessary premises, equipment, materials, or the money to acquire these things, that are needed to engage in production or exchange – to make a living on the market – and can trade only their ability to work (labour power). In the eye of Neo-Consensualist is entirely a different story, as that of Parson view certain prospect in the social world of constituting the society that is; norms, and values. State /Community ownership. It sets, supremacy that whatever remains free of its con, ways, from an idealist, functionalist and organisati, state, and conceived of the State as an e, Functionalist approaches to the State focus o, and deliver social stability. Heavy taxes were imposed on serfs. It may be helpful to think of these two factors as being, respectively, the vertical and horizontal components... InThe Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte,Marx worked out the class analysis of a particular historical development taking place in one country. Marx to J. Weydemeyer in New York, 1852, 5. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. Marx says that relations of production reflect the stage of society’s forces of production. The emergence of these varying perspectives undersc, scholars on the origin and character of th, comment on some of the non-Marxist theories of the. renewal/development programme of Calabar, the capital city of Cross River State of Nigeria from 1999 to 2011 The question to ask is, is the policy substantive enough to generate rapid development of Calabar now without creating serious socioeconomic and political problems for the future? Sha, Dung Pam (1999). As they put it, ‘‘no, Also commenting on the concept of the State, Hartma, delineates a territory within which given St, use of legitimate violence. But not only has the bourgeoisie forged the weapons that bring death to itself; it has also called into existence the men who are to wield those weapons – the modern working class – the proletarians.”9, Famously, Marx and Engels went on to assert that, “What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers.”10. edition. The criticisms often levelled against the, e also highlighted. The Modern State. ‘‘Politics As A Vocation’’ in H. H. Gerth and M. Wright eds., From, Yaqub, Nuhu O. 2, Johari, J. C. (2005). It should be useful to begin with a statement of what this book attempts to do. Feudalism or Agricultural capitalism. The University of Pennsylvania Press exists to publish meritorious works that advance scholarly research and educational objectives. Marx had experienced socialism and there was spread of socialism based on his ideas. The same double number of theDeutsch-Französische Jahrbücherthat carried Marx’s three contributions also included two articles by a young man with whom Marx was only slightly acquainted, Friedrich Engels. (1994). I. The opponent of Zeus was merely a philanthropist, an early Owenite. As The Communist Manifesto explains: “And how does the bourgeoisie get over these crises? For Marx, economic structure of society is made of its relations of production. Other associations are not permanent; It has complete independence and sovereignty, the means of coercion it cares to employ, and it is, ssential elements of the State can be identi, Territory: Every State is situated within a defined terr, itory with clearly recognisable boundaries t, Government: This is the instrument through which the overall will, Sovereignty: According to Crick (1973), the mo, Sovereignty is the highest power of the State that, A Note on Some Contending Theories of the State, The Divine Theory – This attributes the origin of State t, The Social Contract Theory – The theory of popular sovereignty constitutes the basis of this the, The Force Theory – This holds that the State is a creation of c, posits that for the liberal theorists, political. One might conclude that Marx was uninterested in it at this time, were it not for an important article which he published in the midst of working on the Manuscripts. Within the three main sectors of the economy (services, industry, agriculture), this category breaks down as follows: However the working class in its totality also includes retired workers, workers on disability, workers in bogus self-employment (and some other forms of self-employment) and all those also dependent on those paychecks – stay-at-home parents, carers, young people etc. . Gradually towards the end of primitive communism there were certain group of people who were physically strong and so towards its end the concept of private property came into being. ''The State, Laski, Harold J. Relationship between State and Civil Society: Theoretical Review, The Significance of Civil Intellectuals’ Activism: A Case of Eco-Nationalistic Social Movement in Bangladesh, The Labor Process: How the Underdog is Kept Under, Marxism and Productive Forces: A Critique, Le marxisme soviétique : essai d'analyse critique / Herbert Marcuse. The case of the Russian state has already been mentioned in connection with Oriental despotism. At certain points in time, Marx speaks in terms of transformation of society from one stage to another. Then the familiar effects of scarcity are felt as human and material waste piles up, while the market tries to adjust itself. Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. Nigeria: “The first work which I undertook for a solution of the doubts which assailed me,” said Marx’s 1859 account, “was a critical review of the Hegelian philosophy of right. Marx put it like this: “At a certain stage of their development, the material productive forces of society come in conflict with the existing relations of production, or – what is but a legal expression for the same thing – with the property relations within which they have been at work hitherto.