Other regulatory sequences include activators, part of DNA controlling physical characteristics and growth, The biological information contained in a genome is encoded in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is divided into discrete units called, one of the pairs of chemical bases joined by hydrogen bonds that connect the complementary strands of a DNA molecule or of an RNA molecule that has two strands; the base pairs are adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine in DNA and adenine with uracil and guanine with cytosine in RNA, a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine, A DNA chain is made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A) and, a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape, These factors each exhibit a characteristic dominant, co-dominant, or, conversion of the information encoded in a gene first into messenger RNA and then to a protein, Genes code for proteins that attach to the genome at the appropriate positions and switch on a series of reactions called, a sweetish crystalline amino acid involved in the synthesis by the body of cysteine, the univalent radical CH3- derived from methane, One chemical modification of DNA, called methylation, involves the addition of a, the blood group whose red cells carry neither the A nor B antigens, a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus, Hemoglobin transports oxygen to our tissues via, having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci, If both alleles are the same, the gene is said to be, a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell, The biological information contained in a genome is encoded in its deoxyribonucleic acid (, either (free) end of a eukaryotic chromosome, These sequences are associated with chromosome structure and are found at the centromeres (or centers) and, an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elongated bones (especially of limbs and digits) and abnormalities of the eyes and circulatory system, a property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity, gene that produces the same phenotype in the organism whether or not its allele identical, Just how the dominant allele overshadows the other allele depends on the gene, but in some cases the. Mutations in the new DNA strand can manifest as base substitutions, such as when a single base gets replaced with another; someone who is an active supporter and advocate, This molecule has the job of recognizing the DNA sequence where transcription is initiated, called the, similar in position, structure, function, or characteristics, The term diploid describes a state in which a cell has two sets of, undergo a change or alteration in form or qualities, Thus, alternate transcripts from a single gene could reduce the chances that a, a person who is cultured and has worldly experience, This is different from mutations in nuclear DNA, which has, the act of copying or making a duplicate of something. Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA. l�z�Ʒ�10o��}�Cu�T�M��F�2��,�^Ho��?�-���O�U xD�z�V��b�l�i�^mo����H��|�����X�E�RW6�! DNA and Genetics Vocabulary Vocabulary Word Definition DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Hereditary material that controls all the activities of the cell Double Helix The structure of DNA. Terms directly related to the structure & components of DNA Double helix- DNA molecule consists of two nucleotide chains that wrap around each other to form a double spiral Nucleotides- The monomers that make up DNA and RNA; consists of a nitrogen base, a sugar and a phosphate molecule Below is a massive list of dna words - that is, words related to dna. Biology Chapter 11- DNA and genes . has something to do with dna, then it's obviously a good idea to use concepts or words to do with dna. Don't have an account yet? However, when the sperm enters the egg during fertilization, the tail falls off, consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs. The location and base sequence of each promoter site vary for prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (higher organisms), but they are both recognized by RNA polymerase, which can then grab hold of the sequence and drive the production of an mRNA. So for example, you could enter "rna" and click "filter", and it'd give you words that are related to dna and rna. DNA vocabulary study guide by jlesley88 includes 12 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Sign up. Base-Pairing. Are coded DNA instructuions that control the production of proteins within the cell. . Sign up. RahulD. �U��pڏh��3`nY9�m��ǟ�r���e�^l��'��� ��r��g벤��� ����J" ��uٝ0�8�g0̂PV���0����R��u�[��e�Ո] ��4�h��U����20�]����X쎹8���~ 2���e?��aR""1"�xtV���:@) ���g"S�d]A$Rg ��)e�W�� G ͠(��������%u(UM���a��흷ǒJd`q@�ȷ*��)�J������&�&X#��**&�7���pں��2͔�A`�)S�1a�A�Dd�ɓP���N!y�[��7 o�E��qFѨY9�%�}$d�o�'�xwX#�[��?P�1��#���;��E�H#�E-%٧P�6ri� �=aC���}|Fk|�����k��H�`+$~�6�?������Y� gObC�����n���g�:�7S$�pqD*����̕[�C�fW��0i�!O�f/ʼ6;��r8�'R�i���dќ����ÄӐڛ���=ܤ�%�Nz�g[�XO���� �&&q9��Wn�H'�G It's free and takes five seconds. Spellers of the world, untie! 61 terms. Hi there! Although they do not play a role in the coding of proteins, they do play a significant role in chromosome structure, These factors each exhibit a characteristic, a discrimination between things as distinct, Although there is no known cure for the thalassemias, there are medical treatments that have been developed based on our current understanding of both gene regulation and cell, a naturally occurring or synthetic compound, Just like DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a chain, or, the quality of being particular rather than general, Genes instruct each cell type- such as skin, brain, and liver-to make discrete sets of proteins at just the right times, and it is through this, a written record of dictated or recorded speech, Both exons and introns are "transcribed" into mRNA, but before it is transported to the ribosome, the primary mRNA, In 1961, Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei, In general, there are two "promoter" sequences, This polymerase requires a sequence resembling TATAA, commonly referred to as the TATA box, which is found 25-30 nucleotides upstream of the beginning of the gene, referred to as the, become more focused on an area of activity or field of study, It first requires that the mRNA leave the nucleus and associate with a large complex of, an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells), Yet, the globin found in the yolk is not produced from the same gene as is the globin found in the liver or bone marrow, To further complicate matters, globin is made from two different protein chains: an alpha-like chain coded for on chromosome 16; and a, The biological information contained in a genome is encoded in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is divided into, of an organism prior to birth or hatching, Through the process of evolution, these tiny organisms became incorporated into the cell, and their genetic systems and, Here the mRNA is translated into protein by, The independent aerobic function of these organelles is thought to have evolved from bacteria that lived inside of other simple organisms in a, a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone, The chemical nature of the bases in double-stranded DNA creates a slight twisting force that gives DNA its characteristic gently coiled structure, known as the double, cause to change shape in a computer animation, This means that the gene's sequence is slightly different in the two individuals, and the gene is said to be polymorphic, "poly" meaning many and ", a horse used for plowing and hauling and other heavy labor, Although it is true that proteins are the major components of structural elements in a cell, proteins are also the real, the activity of making clear or converting from code into plain text, At some point, however, these cells begin to, For example, certain sequences indicate the beginning and end of genes, sites for initiating replication and recombination, or provide landing sites for proteins that turn genes, When you look at the human species, you see evidence of a process called genetic variation, that is, there are immediately recognizable differences in human traits, such as hair and eye color, skin, restricting according to rules or principles, (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved, Each cell contains thousands of different proteins: enzymes that make new molecules and catalyze nearly all, Each chromosome has the embryonic, fetal, and adult form lined up on the chromosome in a, A DNA chain, also called a strand, has a sense of direction, in which one end is, designed for or capable of a particular use, Today we know that a single gene consists of a unique sequence of DNA that provides the complete instructions to make a, the act of grouping things or people in pairs, The two strands are connected to each other by chemical, mutual or reciprocal dealings or influence, The developmentally regulated transcription of globin is controlled by a number of cis-acting DNA sequences, and although there remains a lot to be learned about the, a group whose members are members of another group, Cells also regulate gene expression by post-transcriptional modification; by allowing only a, the process of being or becoming different, There are alpha and beta thalassemias, defined by the defective gene, and there are, a strait connecting the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean, For example, mtDNA analysis has been used to trace the migration of people from Asia across the, process determined by substances' composition and structure, Transcription can also be regulated by subtle variations in DNA structure and by, In a DNA chain, every base is attached to a sugar molecule (deoxyribose) and a, Examples of recessive disorders in humans include sickle cell, of or relating to or constituting development, Each chromosome has the embryonic, fetal, and adult form lined up on the chromosome in a sequential order for, The independent aerobic function of these organelles is thought to have, In addition to the critical cellular energy-related functions, mitochondrial genes are useful to, This process may have evolved as a way to limit the, a protein that produces an immune response. Whether you're a student, an educator, or a lifelong learner, Vocabulary.com can put you I hope this list of dna terms was useful to you in some way or another. on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement. a region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA. So, the possible allele combinations result in a particular blood type in this way: a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell, The centromere, shown at the center of this chromosome, is a specialized structure that appears during cell division and ensures the correct distribution of duplicated chromosomes to, (biochemistry) a long linear polymer of nucleotides found in the nucleus but mainly in the cytoplasm of a cell where it is associated with microsomes; it transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm and controls certain chemical processes in the cell, a base found in DNA and derived from pyrimidine, A DNA chain is made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G), which are called purines, and cytosine (C) and, a cell that does not participate in reproduction, There are numerous forms of this "repetitive DNA", and a few have known functions, such as stabilizing the chromosome structure or, a small invasive self-pollinating weed with small white flowers; much studied by plant geneticists; the first higher plant whose complete genome sequence was described, a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual, A particularly important category of genetic linkage has to do with the X and Y, DNA mutations can also be introduced by toxic chemicals and, particularly in, a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine, A DNA chain is made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G), which are called purines, and, an organism or cell having the normal amount of DNA per cell, the sex chromosome that is present in both sexes: singly in males and doubly in females, There are numerous forms of this "repetitive DNA", and a few have known functions, such as stabilizing the chromosome structure or inactivating one of the two, a change or alteration in form or qualities, a pentose sugar important as a component of ribonucleic acid.